鲁西大汶口地区全新世临沂组沉积物粒度分布特征及地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

高明波 《山东国土资源》2018,34(7)

出露于大汶口盆地的临沂组为一套第四系松散堆积物,上部以土黄色、灰黄色含砂质粉砂、粉砂质粘土为主,下部为砂砾石层,是大汶口盆地内河流演化过程中的沉积响应和物质记录。通过对临沂组进行研究,可以反演大汶口盆地第四纪以来的沉积区水动力环境、物质运移方式和沉积环境。该文在区域地质调查工作的基础上,结合粒度分析频率曲线、概率累积曲线、粒度参数和沉积物宏观特征,对临沂组的沉积相、沉积环境和沉积韵律进行了研究。研究表明,大汶口地区临沂组下部为河床亚相边滩沉积微相,上部为河漫亚相河漫滩沉积微相,经历了由简单高能→复杂中能-中低能→简单中低能→复杂中低能的水动力沉积环境变化。另外依据岩石组合特征,将其划分为4个明显的沉积韵律和1个不明显的沉积韵律组。  相似文献   

海底爆破振动强度衰减规律及中华白海豚保护措施研究     

费鸿禄  关福晨  包士杰  肖绍青 《海洋通报》2019,38(4):405-414

为确保海底爆破施工所诱发的振动不对中华白海豚造成危害,基于量纲分析法对萨道夫斯基经验公式进行修正,建立适用于预测海底爆破质点峰值振动速度的相似准数方程。在此基础上根据现场试验数据进行非线性回归运算,得到相关参数并分析了海底爆破振动强度衰减规律。分析表明:海底爆破质点峰值振速主要由单段装药量、监测点距爆心水平距离、覆盖层厚度及海水深度等因素决定。将参数值分别代入萨氏公式及新建公式计算预测值并进行误差估计,其平均误差分别为20.3%和10.0%,新建公式提高了对质点振速预测的准确性。利用新建公式及超压内安全振速估算保护中华白海豚的安全距离并提出相应的保护措施,为同类工程施工提供理论参考依据。  相似文献   

长条状粗颗粒在垂直管路中最小输送速度试验研究     

符瑜  肖红  夏建新 《海洋工程》2019,37(4):63-69

随着陆地金属资源的日益枯竭,深海矿产资源已经成为各国的重要战略目标。在深海采矿过程中,海底锰结核的形状除了圆球状,还有长条状等,颗粒形状对固液两相流管道输送特性具有很大影响。基于固液两相流垂直管道提升输送试验系统,探究不同工况下长条状颗粒在垂直上升流中最小输送速度的变化规律及特性,并得到了长条状群体颗粒最小输送速度计算公式。结果表明:长条状颗粒在垂直管道中上升过程中,颗粒中心轴与输送方向趋向于垂直,使颗粒在管道截面的投影面积最大化;长条状单颗粒的最小输送速度随着颗粒长径比增大而减小;在不同长径比工况下,随着管段颗粒平均浓度减小,长条状群体颗粒的最小输送速度均增大,且随着长径比增大,群最小输送速度减小。  相似文献   

浅述深水水道的形态学特征          下载免费PDF全文

尚文亮  徐少华  李小刚  秦磊  杨丽玉  刘家恺  姚雪婷 《地质找矿论丛》2020,35(2):204-209

目前深水水道的分类方案较多,本文基于深水水道的形态学特征,且聚焦于单一型深水水道,将其划分为顺直型(曲率介于1～1.25)、低弯度S型(曲率介于1.25～1.5)和高弯度S型(曲率1.5)。其中,顺直型水道侵蚀作用最强,往往不发育天然堤沉积,无侧向加积;低弯度S型水道发育天然堤,并具有侧向加积;高弯度S型天然堤及侧向加积最为发育,决口扇常与之伴生。深水水道的曲率是水道形态的直观表现,曲率大小主要受深水地貌即深水地形坡度的影响。在上陆坡区域,地形坡度较大,沉积物能量强,深水水道以顺直型为主。中陆坡区域,随着地形坡度的减缓,水道的弯曲形态也逐渐增加,形成低弯度S型,直至下陆坡,水道演变为高弯度的S型。  相似文献   

PDR算法对地磁室内定位精度的提升研究     

黄鹤  张新宇  仇凯悦 《测绘通报》2019,(12):18-21

利用建筑物中金属结构引起的地磁场扰动可以对室内的行人目标进行定位，而且基于地磁场的定位无需布设任何额外设施，因此可以以低成本实现定位。但仅靠单一的地磁技术无法满足室内定位的精度要求。为了解决磁场数据中单点定位的模糊性问题，本文提出了一种利用粒子滤波算法将PDR与地磁相融合的室内定位方法，并开发了地磁室内导航系统，以智能手机为硬件平台构建磁力计传感器模型，建立匹配轨迹的均方误差准则并实现PDR累积误差实时校正的迭代计算。在68 m×1.8 m的试验区域内，产生的平均定位误差为1.13 m，最大定位误差为2.17 m。本文算法的定位精度比单独PDR算法提升了42%；与单一地磁指纹匹配算法相比，定位精度提高了57%。试验证明，本文提出的融合算法对提高室内定位精度具有显著的作用。  相似文献   

改进分数阶达尔文粒子群的多Renyi熵图像分割算法     

袁玉珠 《测绘通报》2019,(6):34-40

针对智能优化图像分割算法易陷入局部最优、分割精度不高等问题，本文融合改进的分数阶达尔文粒子群算法和二维Renyi熵多阈值，提出了一种新的多阈值遥感图像分割算法。算法利用粒子自身进化信息来定义进化因子，结合进化因子并利用高斯图函数调整分数阶次α系数以实现精确计算和快速收敛；根据局部最优概率因子对局部最优位置进行Levy飞行随机扰动以提高算法跳出局部最优的能力；同时将二维Renyi熵单阈值扩展到多阈值分割上，并结合改进的分数阶达尔文粒子群算法，将二维Renyi熵多阈值应用于遥感图像分割中。仿真结果表明，与其他2种智能优化分割算法相比，本文分割算法在细节处理和分割精度上均有明显优势，在PRI上至少提升7.27%、VOI至少降低6.5%、GCE至少降低10.4%。  相似文献   

顾及有色噪声的自适应粒子滤波UWB定位算法     

张园  谭兴龙  赵长胜  李晓明 《测绘通报》2019,(8):30-33

传统卡尔曼滤波算法要求噪声模型符合高斯分布，在UWB室内定位中，由于载体本身的机制等干扰，观测噪声不仅仅是白噪声，也存在有色噪声的情况，而粒子滤波可以处理有色噪声的问题。本文通过增加似然分布自适应调整来改进粒子滤波用于目标跟踪的精度，同时研究在白噪声、有色噪声下似然分布自适应调整粒子滤波和拓展卡尔曼滤波在UWB中的优势与不同。试验结果表明：观测噪声为白噪声时，拓展卡尔曼滤波和粒子滤波均可以较好地实现对行人的定位跟踪；观测噪声为有色噪声时，自适应粒子滤波定位效果优于粒子滤波、拓展卡尔曼滤波。  相似文献   

Indoor localization for pedestrians with real-time capability using multi-sensor smartphones     

Catia Real Ehrlich 《地球空间信息科学学报》2019,22(2):73-88

ABSTRACT

The localization of persons or objects usually refers to a position determined in a spatial reference system. Outdoors, this is usually accomplished with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). However, the automatic positioning of people in GNSS-free environments, especially inside of buildings (indoors) poses a huge challenge. Indoors, satellite signals are attenuated, shielded or reflected by building components (e.g. walls or ceilings). For selected applications, the automatic indoor positioning is possible based on different technologies (e.g. WiFi, RFID, or UWB). However, a standard solution is still not available. Many indoor positioning systems are only suitable for specific applications or are deployed under certain conditions, e.g. additional infrastructures or sensor technologies. Smartphones, as popular cost-effective multi-sensor systems, is a promising indoor localization platform for the mass-market and is increasingly coming into focus. Today’s devices are equipped with a variety of sensors that can be used for indoor positioning. In this contribution, an approach to smartphone-based pedestrian indoor localization is presented. The novelty of this approach refers to a holistic, real-time pedestrian localization inside of buildings based on multi-sensor smartphones and easy-to-install local positioning systems. For this purpose, the barometric altitude is estimated in order to derive the floor on which the user is located. The 2D position is determined subsequently using the principle of pedestrian dead reckoning based on user's movements extracted from the smartphone sensors. In order to minimize the strong error accumulation in the localization caused by various sensor errors, additional information is integrated into the position estimation. The building model is used to identify permissible (e.g. rooms, passageways) and impermissible (e.g. walls) building areas for the pedestrian. Several technologies contributing to higher precision and robustness are also included. For the fusion of different linear and non-linear data, an advanced algorithm based on the Sequential Monte Carlo method is presented.  相似文献   

From soil aggregates to riverine flocs: a laboratory experiment assessing the respective effects of soil type and flow shear stress on particles characteristics          下载免费PDF全文

T. Grangeon  I. G. Droppo  C. Legout  M. Esteves 《水文研究》2014,28(13):4141-4155

Particles eroded from hillslopes and exported to rivers are recognized to be composite particles of high internal complexity. Their architecture and composition are known to influence their transport behaviour within the water column relative to discrete particles. To‐date, hillslope erosion studies consider aggregates to be stable once they are detached from the soil matrix. However, lowland rivers and estuaries studies often suggest that particle structure and dynamics are controlled by flocculation within the water column. In order to improve the understanding of particle dynamics along the continuum from hillslopes to the lowland river environment, soil particle behaviour was tested under controlled laboratory conditions. Seven flume erosion and deposition experiments, designed to simulate a natural erosive event, and five shear cell experiments were performed using three contrasting materials: two of them were poorly developed and as such can not be considered as soils, whilst the third one was a calcareous brown soil. These experiments revealed that soil aggregates were prone to disaggregation within the water column and that flocculation may affect their size distribution during transport. Large differences in effective particle size were found between soil types during the rising limb of the bed shear stress sequence. Indeed, at the maximum applied bed shear stress, the aggregated particles median diameter was found to be three times larger for the well‐developed soil than for the two others. Differences were smaller in the falling limb, suggesting that soil aggregates underwent structural changes. However, characterization of particles strength parameters showed that these changes did not fully turn soil aggregates into flocs, but rather into hybrid soil aggregate–floc particles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于非均质地层参数表征的颗粒流模型构建          下载免费PDF全文

夏余宏烨  孙平贺  伍新民  盛汉洋  王心龙  张绍和 《探矿工程》2021,48(S1):52-60

非均质地层参数的获取与表征方法是浅层地质体改造的重要依据。基于非均质地层的地质建模,表征具有随机不确定性和模糊不确定性的土体表观参数和物理力学参数。利用 Weibull 分布统计描述局部地层信息,并应用Diamond-Square分形插值方法,结合差分盒子维计算非均质地层分形维数,进一步合理演算整体地层参数。采用PFC3D数值模拟软件,结合马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛方法采样数据,对非均质地层块石颗粒及土颗粒进行建模。通过非均质地层模拟结果,发现其破坏过程与应力应变曲线要比均质土体复杂得多,由于块石大颗粒的含量、分布特性对土样力学性质影响显著。本文建模方法有助于非均质地层参数表征研究。  相似文献